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Boundary spanning
In social sciences research on commercial R&D laboratories, boundary spanning is a term to describe individuals within an innovation system who have, or adopt, the role of linking the organization's internal networks with external sources of information. While the term was coined by Tushman,〔 the concept was being developed by social scientists from the late 1950s onwards. Most of the early work was conducted in large American corporations with well established R&D laboratories. The term has since been used in relation to less well defined innovation networks.
== Background ==
The post-WWII years saw the burgeoning of the American corporation and in particular major R&D labs, for example, Tushman examined the "''communication activity of all the professionals (N=345) in the R&D facility of large mid-Western U.S Corporation. The laboratory is isolated from the rest of the corporation and is divided into seven departments (divisional laboratories). The departments are, in turn, organized into separate project areas. The projects were stable over the course of the research and each respondent was a member of only one project''."〔
With this increase in spending on R&D, there was increased interest in the effectiveness of that spending and how to improve the efficiency of commercial research. Of course, all the academic research presented anonymous data from the firms with which they had been working so it is hard to know who the participating laboratories were.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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